![]() Raworth writes that a system is any group of components that interact to form a whole and that, through their interactions, create patterns of behavior. ![]() Economy, Society, and Planet: How Systems Interact ![]() In this guide, we have incorporated commentary and insights from other economists, political scientists, and social commentators-in some cases to lend support to Raworth’s ideas, in other cases to present opposing viewpoints and offer a more nuanced and balanced perspective. She writes that we must stay within these bounds. The outer circle represents the limits of economic growth, beyond which the economy begins to outstrip the planet’s natural resources. The inner circle represents the zone of deprivation-an economy that does not produce enough of the necessary goods and services to meet the population’s essential needs. She likens the economy to a ring-shaped doughnut. This means 1) an economy that produces enough to provide everyone with the material resources to pursue their highest dreams, but also 2) an economy that does not deplete the vital natural resources upon which life on the planet depends. ![]() In Doughnut Economics, heterodox University of Oxford economist Kate Raworth argues that the economy’s purpose is to promote human prosperity and happiness. ![]()
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